TP53 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In non-small cell lung cancer cells, when p53 is missing, the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by the activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) leads to the up-regulation of p21 expression, resulting in G2/M phase arrest and the appearance of senescent phenotypes such as increased cell volume and β-galactosidase activity [35].