LDHA and Parkinson disease: Dong et al. [56] observed the elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and its target genes, VEGFA and LDHA, in Parkinson’s disease (PD) upon exposure to MPP(+), accompanied by suppressed expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), suggesting a potential link between PD pathophysiology and the dysregulation of the SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling axis.