NEFL and Alzheimer disease: Within the framework of “amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration” for AD pathology, potential blood-based biomarkers encompass amyloid and tau proteins, alongside indicators of neurodegeneration like neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (Hardy-Sosa et al., 2022; Georgakas et al., 2023).