XDH and diabetes mellitus: According to IDF 537 million people are already living with diabetes and by 2045 this number is projected to increase to 783 million.4 The cumulative occurrence of Type-2 DM in Pakistan is around 27%.5 Microalbuminuria is not only the hallmark of early detection of DKD but also an indication of endothelial dysfunction and therefore a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetics.6 The end product of purine metabolism is uric acid, which is created by the enzyme xanthine oxidase.