In DMBA-induced bucal pouch carcinogenesis model, astaxanthin supplementation inhibits key JAK-2/STAT signaling pathways, particularly STAT-3 phosphorylation and upregulates the expression of SAT-2 target genes involved in cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, as well as reduces vascular density, halting tumor progression [33]. Here, SAT2 is linked to neoplasm.