Endometrial CD138+ plasma cells have been used as a diagnostic biomarker for endometrial inflammatory conditions, including chronic endometritis (CE),6, 7, 8 and the number of CD138+ plasma cells is correlated with the severity of endometrial inflammation in women with reproductive failure.7, 8, 9 Detecting isolated CD138+ plasma cell aggregates without other histological features of CE, such as stromal edema and increased stromal cell density, may also identify cases with potentially milder inflammation and related endometrial dysfunction.10 The gene discussed is SDC1; the disease is cholesteryl ester measurement.