5′- AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 (PRKAG1/AMPK) log2 0.8--fold, calcium-binding protein 39 (CAB39/MO25) log2 0.54 -fold, Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit A beta isoform (PPP2R1B/PP2A) log2 0.77-fold and Protein-serine/threonine kinase (PDK1) log2 0.56-fold from AMPK pathway were observed to be upregulated in AF samples (Figures 1B, 6, S7, and Table S1.2). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and atrial fibrillation.