The hypermetabolic symptoms of MH are due to the abnormal release of the Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via RyR-1 in skeletal muscles.56 Symptoms of chronic ischemia heart disease including ventricular tachycardia, left-ventricular remodeling, and contractile dysfunction are highly associated with the RyR-2 hyper-activity.57 Dantrolene is a ryanodine receptor antagonist that acts directly on the RyR-1 and RyR-3 to reduce channel activation by CaM. Here, RYR1 is linked to ventricular tachycardia.