TNF and Sepsis: Recent evidence suggests that disruption of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis resulting from overreaction of RyRs on the ER and/or SR, plays a crucial role in sepsis and COVID-19-induced inflammation.71,72 Dantrolene, as a RyRs antagonist, has been expected to improve SARS-CoV-2-mediated inflammation and inhibit SIRS during sepsis by suppressing the concentration of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ3 in plasma and tissues.71,72