Genes associated with gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, mitochondria, ceramide metabolism, insulin pathway, inflammatory response, cell adhesion, coagulation, cytokines controlling liver fat, and advanced liver disease in humans were comparable to liver genes of BPA lineage females suggesting an association of similar DEGs in NAFLD pathogenesis (Supplementary Table 9). Here, INS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.