For example, impairments in the OAS-RNase L pathway are one of the contributing factors in MIS-C (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children).61 Furthermore, both RNase L deficiencies and overactivation of RNase L are linked to inflammatory bowel disease.7,10,62 Thus, active RNase L may serve a dual role in innate immunity, activating some pathways while counter-balancing others. This evidence concerns the gene SMOC1 and inflammatory bowel disease.