To shed light on cell populations present in gastric tumors, we clustered the 59,594 cells and identified 15 subclusters (Figure S6A) which were subsequently determined to be eight cell subgroups including B cells (MS4A1, CD79A), CD4 T − cells (CD3D, IL7R), CD8 T − cells (GZMA, GZMB, CD3E), endothelial cells (PLVAP, NOTCH3, ENG), epithelial cells (MUC1, KRT8), fibroblasts cells (COL1A1, COL1A2), myeloid cells (CD14, S100A9) and plasma cells (SDC1, XBP1) (Fig. 7A and C). Here, S100A9 is linked to gastric neoplasm.