Elevated sPD-L1 prior to surgery was also associated with worse disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with gastric cancer [49], colorectal cancer [226], head and neck cancer [228], and hepatocellular carcinoma [225] and with worse relapse-free survival in patients with gastric cancer [74] and colorectal cancer with liver metastasis [227]. This evidence concerns the gene SPDL1 and colorectal cancer.