Castello et al. found that baseline sPD-L1 levels did not impact PFS or OS in NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab, pembrolizumab or a combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab [84], while Ando et al. observed that baseline sPD-L1 was not correlated with OS in patients with NSCLC, gastric cancer, or bladder cancer who received nivolumab or pembrolizumab [85]. Here, SPDL1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.