In univariate analysis, non-improvement at day 7 after initiation of anti-Leishmania therapy for primary treatment of VL was associated with male sex, immunosuppression, chronic organ dysfunction, renal failure at admission, severe leukopenia (< 1500/μl), coinfection/superinfection and CRP level over 100 (Table 8a). The gene discussed is CRP; the disease is kidney failure.