Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has shown promise in treating melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer [25, 26] and PD-1+ cytotoxic T cells, T helper cells, and Tregs are present in the ONB TIME at medians of 2.34 cells per mm2, 1.58 cells per mm2, and 0 cells per mm2. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.