The in vitro findings showed that conditional medium from M2 macrophages could facilitate the production of profibrotic proteins in fibroblasts, which was significantly restricted by OGG1-depleted HFL-1 cells, suggesting that OGG1 inhibition could directly relieve pro-fibrotic factors in fibroblasts, which was consistent with the protective role of TH5487 against pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. The gene discussed is OGG1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.