Studies have shown that HDP, especially preeclampsia, are associated with elevated levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [32, 33], and the inflammatory response in gestational hypertension is suggested to be associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction [37]. Here, TNF is linked to preeclampsia.