As studies have suggested that existing levels of anti-NA antibody may be a better predictor of protection in humans compared to anti-HA and may contribute to protection and lower disease severity by restricting the release of newly synthesized influenza virions from cells69–71, we also targeted NA for two of our H3-nanovax formulations (H3-nanovax NA/NP and H3-nanovax NA/M1). The gene discussed is XK; the disease is influenza.