Thus, investigating a potential a compensatory role for the Trx and Grx-GSH systems in the regulation of RNR activity in mammalian cells is certainly warranted in future studies, including the efficacy of Trx1 or TrxR1 and CHK1 combinatorial inhibition in treating cancer cells with a Grx-GSH deficiency. The gene discussed is TXNRD1; the disease is cancer.