The fact that antibiotics-induced intestinal immunomodulation only affected endoneurial T cells and not Iba1+ macrophage counts appears conflicting, as macrophages are key effectors of T cell-mediated nerve damage in autoimmune neuropathies, phagocyting myelin and axonal proteins (Griffin et al. 1990). The gene discussed is AIF1; the disease is autoimmune neuropathy.