INS and Insulin resistance: Insulin resistance can be diagnosed using dynamic tests, simple indices, and biochemical markers (Borai et al., 2011), including dynamic hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, frequent sampling intravenous glucose tolerance tests, relatively simple fasting insulin levels and glucose tolerance tests, glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance index, and biological indicators such as leptin, adiponectin, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol, to make relevant predictions and judgments.