Data coming from IF labeling of PCNA (green panel; Figure 4E) and SYCP3 (red panel; Figure 4E) showed a PCNA-specific localization in the SPG (arrows) and SPC (arrowheads) in the testis of both groups; however, in T1D, a decrease of approximately 88% in PCNA-positive cells (p < 0.001; Figure 4F) was observed. The gene discussed is SYCP3; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.