TGFB1 and neoplasm: With the in-depth study of it, researchers gradually find that TGF-β has a dual role: as a tumor suppressor, TGF-β inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis and aging to maintain the homeostasis of tissues and organs; on the other hand, as a tumor promoter, TGF-β promotes tumor cell proliferation, transformation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells, which plays a key role in tumorigenesis and development 3.