TNF and cardiac arrhythmia: Monnerat et al.10, 55, 57-60 demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α can regulate the function of ion channels such as K+ channel and Ca2+ channels on the myocardial membrane using the whole cell patch-clamp technique, resulting in the dysfunction of ion channels in cardiomyocytes, causing changes the duration of the action potential, leading to myocardial electrical remodeling and promoting arrhythmia.