Analysis of expression levels of HSC-associated markers in GSE159676 demonstrated that genes associated with myofibroblasts and hepatic fibrogenesis, such as collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in PSC and PBC liver tissues compared to healthy controls (Figure 4C). Here, COL1A1 is linked to primary biliary cholangitis.