Cellular components of TME encompass various elements, including tumor cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, cytokines, growth factors, extracellular vesicles, Treg cells, CD8+ T cells, and other relevant immune cells 51, among these components, effector T cells, DC, NK, and M1-type TAMs are recognized as crucial anti-tumor immune cells. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.