SNCA and Parkinson disease: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) (Huang et al., 2024), which has special pathological changes including the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), decreased DA content in the striatum, and the formation of Lewy bodies dominated by the aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) (Naoi et al., 2024).