Previous studies reported that Muribaculum administration inhibited infectious enteritis83 and pharmacologically induced enteritis.84 Regarding Escherichia-Shigella, this taxon was shown associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha level in blood and blood-brain barrier permeability.85 Based on these results, Muribaculum might positively influence on host while Escherichia-Shigella might be as pathobiont. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is enteritis.