The talk did therefore focus on three genes; (1) cnm gene of carcinogenic Streptococcus mutans involved in cerebral microbleeds and hemorrhagic stroke, (2) RNF213 gene and the RNF213 p.R4810K variant associated with the emerging disease concept RNF213-related vasculopathy common in East Asia, and (3) NOTCH3 gene and its mutations causing Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Here, RNF213 is linked to hemorrhagic stroke.