CTLA4 and cervical carcinoma: Recognising the emerging role of immune modulation in cancer therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs2) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) [10] offer a new strategy to counteract CD44-mediated treatment resistance mechanisms to reinforce immune surveillance within cervical cancer patients.