Given that adult patients with NF1 have a higher chance of developing high-grade gliomas than observed in the general population48,49, it is likely that these focal OPC hyperdensities serve as a preneoplastic pool of glioma-initiating cells that transform into glioma when mutations in other glioma driver genes (for example, Trp53) co-occur. Here, NF1 is linked to central nervous system cancer.