NDRG1 and neoplasm: The upper (∼46 kDa) NDRG1 band is the key active isoform for metastasis suppression since (1) it is potently upregulated by bespoke NDRG1-inducing thiosemicarbazone drugs that inhibit tumor growth and metastasis (12, 31, 34); and (2) silencing the NDRG1 top band prevented it acting on downstream effectors (e.g., E-cadherin and β-catenin) that curtail the EMT and metastasis (7).