IFNG and atherosclerosis: Administration of the TH1-polarizing cytokine IL-12 to Apoe−/− mice led to increased IFNγ expression, and so increased atherosclerosis, as well as raised oxLDL-specific IgG2a/c titers that may have contributed partially to their phenotype.82 IFNγ has been given a proatherogenic role for skewing the proatherogenic IgG1 to IgG2c in an innate response activator B cell–dependent manner.83 Nevertheless, as explained above, others have shown an atheroprotective role upregulating PDL1 in B2 cells.64 Thus its role in different B-cell subsets should be addressed.