Both global PD1 and PD1/PDL1 loss-of-function mouse models have led to increased atherosclerosis through several mechanisms including increased activated T cells in atherosclerotic plaques.72 PDL1 is highly expressed in atheroprotective MZB cells and is upregulated in response to a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet.9 Specific PDL1 deletion in MZB cells increased early atherosclerosis9 and led to the accumulation of TFH cells that were potentially not fully differentiated, as in no MZB cell mice. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is atherosclerosis.