PHB2 in the plasma membrane directly contacts insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP 6) and regulates cancer cell migration by activating MAP kinases (Bach, 2015), IGF1R (GALNT14/PHB2/IGF1R) (Fu et al., 2013; Chu et al., 2022). Here, IGFBP6 is linked to cancer.