In the presence of distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy [OR (95% CI): 2.321 (1.152–4,672), p: 0.018], high serum anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) [OR (95% CI): 2.578 (1.009–6.585), p: 0.002], and elevated gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme [OR (95% CI): 3.478 (1.592–7.594), p: 0.048] were independent risk factors for the development of pruritus in patients with diabetes mellitus in our study. This evidence concerns the gene TG and diabetes mellitus.