EEF1A2 and Cerebral ischemia: Studies have shown that the anti-oxidative stress effect of biliverdin (cofactors and vitamins) can be accomplished by scavenging superoxide (55); meanwhile, biliverdin protects vascular tissue from vessel damage by reducing c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase activation and preventing endothelial cell apoptosis (56); additionally, it regulates the Nrf2/A20/eEF1A2 axis to suppress cellular death and thereby attenuates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (57).