Recent studies indicate that EVs released during ALI carry microRNAs that regulate inflammasome activation and the NF-κB pathway (e.g., miR-466, miR-223/142, miR-17, and miR-221 miR-92a-3p) (Lee et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Lee et al., 2018). Here, NFKB1 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.