NFKB1 and gestational diabetes: On the other hand, it is believed that the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), an inflammatory marker, is capable of inhibiting the proliferation of pancreatic beta cells through binding to C-X-C motif ligand 3 (CXCL3), or through interaction with the toll-l ike receptor 4 as part of the NF-κB activation pathways mediating IR in GDM.30 Although an in-depth review of the immunological alterations in GDM is not within the scope of this work, these findings highlight the immune-related features mediating GDM pathogenesis.