Furthermore, the chronic low‐grade inflammatory state in obesity results in the infiltration of immune cells, such as macrophages, into the pancreatic islets via the release of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF‐α and IL‐1β), which can impair β‐cell function and survival.209. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.