The phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway plays a crucial role in the growth, proliferation and metabolic homeostasis of insulin‐sensitive tissues, including AT, liver, and pancreas, and dysregulation of this signaling pathway leads to the development of obesity and T2D.223, 224, 225. This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.