ENTPD1 and congenital rubella syndrome: To explore the immune cell phenotypes that are most likely to have an impact on AADs, three immune cell populations significantly associated with AADs, AS, AR, and CRS were taken for intersectional processing, and CD3 on CD39+ activated Treg was the only immune cell type that had positive causality for all three different AADs (IVWAR = 0.001, IVWCRS = 0.043, IVWAS = 0.027) and was protective in all three diseases (ORAR = 0.940, ORAS = 0.967, ORCRS = 0.976) without heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy (Figure 5).