CD8A and neoplasm: In line with this literature, effective degradation of tumor ECM by HY-oAd and 9-ING-41 was shown to facilitate CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration into the tumor tissues (Figures 6B, C, 7B), as well as simultaneously improving HY-oAd dispersion and accumulation throughout the bladder tumor tissues in a viral replication-independent manner (Figures 5B, Supplementary Figure S2).