The superior efficacy of HY-oAd+9-ING-41 was achieved via superior induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration into tumor tissues, as well as tumor-specific immune response over the respective monotherapy, indicating that combining both oAd and iGSK3β inhibitor can be a promising strategy to overcome T-cell exhaustion and exert potent antitumor immunity against NMIBC. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is neoplasm.