SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: To comprehensively elucidate the global distribution of SOD1 variants and investigate distinctive clinical presentations among different SOD1 mutations, we conducted a rigorous systematic review of the research literature on ALS cases with SOD1 mutations from 1993 to 2023 and examined critical aspects of SOD1-associated ALS, including geographic distribution of variants, diverse clinical phenotypes, and demographic characteristics of affected cohorts.