Importantly, the fold-changes in sputum Mx1 and OAS1 following administration of SNG001 in Part 1 were consistent with changes in a previous asthma study [21], suggesting that the administered dose is similarly effective in younger patients with asthma and in older patients with COPD – both of whom are at increased risk from viral infections. This evidence concerns the gene OAS1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.