DAMPs from damaged cells and tissues caused by the infection include fibrinogen, annexins, platelet components, fibronectin, S100 proteins, syndecan-1, F-actin, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), histones, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), mitochondrial reactive oxgen species (mitoROS), cytochrome C, IL-1α, high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), heparan sulfate, tenascin C, defensins, amyloid-β, and many others [141]. Here, HMGB1 is linked to infection.