Treatment with the iSGLT2 dapagliflozin reduced DPP4 serum levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [85], while the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin ameliorated the ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in cardiomyocytes by mediating SIRT3 upregulation and autophagy [49]. Here, DPP4 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.