HSPG2 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Since CXCR4 is localized in lipid rafts57 and localization in lipid rafts can impact Ca2+ signaling by influencing G-protein and PLC activation, we disrupted lipid rafts by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (M-βCD) and showed a decrease in Dex-induced Ca2+ signaling in B-ALL cell lines and patient samples (Supplementary Fig. 19w–z).