IFNB1 and infection: Based on the heatmap (Fig. 3m, n) and volcano plots (Fig. 3o) summarizing both the expression fold change and the statistical significance, we found that multiple genes related to cellular antiviral innate immunity were significantly upregulated with trVLP-3Mut infection, including IFN-β, TNF, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) members and so on.