The aim of this study was to determine and compare the concentrations of the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and gene expression of their respective receptors as well as NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules in the peripheral blood of patients with end-stage COPD before and 1 year after lung transplantation (LT). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.