The only similar study design that we could find was the one of McElvaney et al., who demonstrated significantly decreased concentrations of IL-1β, that might reflect the NLRP3 inflammasome activation state, in BAL fluid after double lung transplantation, but this was assessed in patients with cystic fibrosis, and not COPD [42]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.