HLA-C and bacterial infectious disease: As active regulators of the innate immune system and dominators of the adaptive immune system, T-lymphocytes profoundly impact various physiological and pathophysiological processes, including bacterial infections, sterile inflammation, wound healing, neoplasms, etc. Traditionally, there is a consensus that T-cell receptors (TCRs) of naïve T-lymphocytes recognize peptide-MHC (p-MHC) complexes presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to exclusively initiate the activation of naïve T-lymphocytes and downstream immune events.