It has been shown that the inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 on early tumor progression may also be related to the mechanism of ferroptosis[94], because TGF-β1 inhibits the expression of system Xc– by activating the downstream classical Smad-dependent signaling pathway, thereby enhancing lipid peroxidation in early HCC cells and promoting tumor clearance through the ferroptosis-related mechanisms[94]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.