ABO and Alzheimer disease: In primary neurons obtained from AD model mice (Tg73.7 line), Calkins and colleagues used dual labeling with A11 and the mitochondrial matrix marker cyclophilin D (CypD) to demonstrate colocalization of AβO with CypD and accumulation of AβO; these changes resulted in reduced mitochondrial anterograde transport, increased mitochondrial fission and decreased mitochondrial fusion, and electron microscopy revealed that numerous mitochondria lacked clear membrane structures and exhibited fragmentation (Calkins et al., 2011).